![]() What is an amine functional group? Explain the chemical and physical properties of an amine group based on its molecular structure.Thus, it is possible to develop drugs that bind to bacterial ribosomes and stop their protein production, yet don’t affect ribosomes or protein production in human cells.] Both cell types use ribosomes to produce proteins, but there are important differences between bacterial (prokaryotic) and animal (eukaryotic) ribosomes. If a drug interferes with bacterial cell walls, the bacterial cells can be killed but the drug won’t affect human cells.Īnother major difference between bacterial and human cells is their ribosomes. Antibiotics often attack the thick cell walls of bacteria. For example, one major difference between bacterial and human cells is that bacteria have a cell wall around their plasma membrane, whereas human cells have only a plasma membrane. [ The trick to developing antibiotics is to find a structural difference between the bacterial cells and human cells, and then create drugs that target the feature that bacteria but not human cells possess. How do antibiotics kill bacterial cells but not human cells?. ![]() The Gram’s staining procedure, which was invented by the Danish bacteriologist Hans Christian Gram, makes gram-positive bacteria appear purple and gram-negative bacteria appear pink to red under the microscope.] Thus gram-negative bacteria are protected by more walls made of more materials than are gram-positive bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria have a thinner peptidoglycan cell wall, then another membrane, then an outer layer of lipopolysaccharide. Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan (linked protein + sugar) cell wall. [ Different categories of bacteria have different types of cell walls. What is the difference between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria?.Viruses include the common cold, for example, and Ebola.] Viruses are rogue genes that invade host cells, command cells to make more copies of the viral genes and usually (but not always) kill the host cells before spreading to infect more host cells. Other protozoa just spend their whole lives harmlessly floating around in ponds. However, some of the more vicious ones (like malaria) can invade our cells. Protozoa are eukaryotic cells that are similar to our own - they are basically single-celled animals. Fungal cells are surrounded by a thick cell wall and can cause athlete’s foot, for example. Some of the nastier bacteria actually invade our cells and replicate inside our cells, for example in tuberculosis lung infections.įungi are eukaryotic (complex) cells. Other bacteria hang out in our bodies, in the space outside of our cells, where they may cause disease or even help us (as with the bacteria that aid digestion in our intestines). Some bacteria live independently in the environment. [ Bacteria are prokaryotic cells, which lack a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles. What are some important differences between bacteria and other microorganisms?.The discussion is subdivided roughly by topic in case you would like to focus on one particular content area. Directions: After students have had a chance to review the article “ New ‘rules’ for finding antibiotics,” lead a classroom discussion based on the questions that follow.
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